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There are lot of techniques in SEO

Content posting
Bookmarking submission
Direction submission
Video sharing
Classified submission
Images sharing
Forum profile creation
PPT sharing
PDF submission

[301 redirects are useful for:]

When a user tries to access an old URL, the server sends a 301 code to the browser, which automatically redirects the user to the new URL.

301 redirects are useful for:
Preserving SEO ranking: 301 redirects pass on most of the SEO authority and popularity of the old URL to the new one.
Fixing duplicate content: 301 redirects can consolidate SEO value and avoid duplicate content penalties from search engines.
Improving compatibility: 301 redirects can help ensure better compatibility.

Black hat SEO is the practice of going against search engine guidelines to manipulate SERPs (search engine results page) for higher rankings.

10 Black Hat SEO Techniques to Avoid

Keyword Stuffing
Buying Backlinks
Article Spinning
Misuse of Schema Markup
Webrings or Private Blog Networks
Blog Comment Spam
Hiding Content
Sponsored Pages and Posts
Cloaking
Doorway Pages

What makes you rank higher on Google?